In India, over 42 million people are affected by thyroid disorders, with numbers steadily climbing due to a mix of genetic and environmental triggers. This butterfly-shaped gland, tucked away in the neck, quietly governs vital functions including metabolism, mood, and energy levels — and when it misfires, the consequences can be widespread.
The Growing Concern of Thyroid Health
Dr. Swati Goray, Consultant, Endocrinology at Jupiter Hospital, points out that hypothyroidism, a condition marked by insufficient thyroid hormone production, disproportionately affects women and manifests as fatigue, weight gain, and low mood. Conversely, hyperthyroidism, often caused by Graves’ disease, leads to excessive hormone production, resulting in symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, a rapid heartbeat, and irritability.
“Additionally, there’s a noticeable rise in thyroid cancer cases, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma, which is one of the more treatable forms,” adds Dr. Goray. “This increase adds to the public health burden and highlights the importance of awareness, early detection, and appropriate intervention.”
Detecting Thyroid Disorders Early
According to Dr. Sunita Kapoor, Director and Laboratory Head at City X-Ray and Scan Clinic Pvt. Ltd., accurate diagnosis starts with a clinical assessment and key laboratory tests. “Measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4) levels is crucial. Elevated TSH levels usually indicate hypothyroidism, while lower levels often point to hyperthyroidism,” she explains.
She further says that ultrasound imaging and fine-needle aspiration biopsies are instrumental in diagnosing thyroid nodules and cancer, helping determine whether further intervention is required.
Dr. Kapoor advocates for public awareness campaigns and routine screening, particularly in high-risk groups, to facilitate early detection and reduce complications.
Nourishing the Thyroid Through Diet
Diet can play a powerful role in supporting thyroid health, particularly in regions prone to iodine deficiency. “Ensuring adequate iodine intake through fortified salt and consuming a nutrient-rich diet with elements like selenium and zinc is essential,” says Dt. Ginni Kalra, Head of Dietetics at Aakash Healthcare.
Kalra also highlights a list of thyroid-friendly superfoods including fatty fish, Brazil nuts, yoghurt, berries, and leafy greens. “These help maintain hormone balance, fight inflammation, and improve energy levels. Even small dietary changes can lead to significant long-term benefits,” she notes.
Monitoring and Managing Thyroid Conditions
Once diagnosed, regular monitoring is key to managing thyroid conditions effectively. For those on levothyroxine (a synthetic thyroid hormone), getting the dosage right is vital. “Over- or under-treatment can lead to persistent symptoms or new complications like heart disease or osteoporosis,” Dr. Goray warns. TSH tests are typically recommended every 6 to 12 months, though more frequent testing may be needed in the early stages or if symptoms shift.
Hyperthyroidism, too, requires close attention. “Patients treated with anti-thyroid drugs or radioactive iodine need routine blood tests to monitor response and avoid complications like thyrotoxic crisis,” Dr. Kapoor explains.
The Bigger Picture: Public Health and Awareness
A multipronged approach combining early diagnosis, dietary awareness, regular follow-ups, and better healthcare access can significantly reduce the burden of thyroid disease in India. With integrated efforts from healthcare providers and public health initiatives, millions can be empowered to manage their thyroid health better—and lead fuller, more energetic lives.
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